Artificial Intelligence and semiconductors are emerging as critical pillars of modern military power and defense capabilities through autonomous systems or data-processing and decision-support tools. However, AI’s effectiveness depends on access to specialized semiconductors, produced through a globally fragmented and geopolitically sensitive supply chain. While advanced chips drive AI progress, mature-node semiconductors remain vital for defense applications due to their robustness and longevity. As the U.S.-China rivalry intensifies through sanctions, infrastructure investments, and export controls, Europe faces strategic dependency due to limited domestic AI chip production. To prevent the loss of influence in a rapidly evolving AI-driven global security landscape, European policymakers should strengthen semiconductor sovereignty, protect critical assets, and recognize AI as critical infrastructure.
Bibliographic record
Reinhold, T. (2025). Introduction: How the Materialization of AI is Reshaping Global Security Risks and Governance. In: Göttsche, M.; Reis, K. & Daase, C. (Eds.). New Realities of AI in Global Security. CNTR Monitor – Technology and Arms Control 2025. PRIF – Peace Research Institute Frankfurt.
Author
Dr. Thomas Reinhold
