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Identifying Chemical Warfare Agents Through Analytical Chemistry

Detailed diagram of the CG-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) process used to analyze chemical components: 1. Injection: The sample is introduced into the gas chromatograph (GC) through the GC inlet, where it vaporizes and enters the carrier gas, progressing to the column. 2. Separation: Inside the GC column the sample components are separated. The separated molecules then elute through a heated transfer line into the mass spectrometer (MS). 3. Ionization: Inside the MS, the neutral molecules are ionized and fragmented using high energy. 4. Ions Separation and Detection: Ultimately, the mass analyzer inside the MS separates the ions by their masses, and the ion detector amplifies and records the signal, then translating the information on a computer.
New CNTR Fact Sheet by Carmen García López

The new CNTR Fact Sheet by Dr. Carmen García López (CNTR/PRIF) provides an overview of the main analytical techniques used by the OPCW designated laboratories to analyze environmental and biological samples that could point to the presence of chemical warfare agents. In addition, the example of the sarin poisoning in Syria is used to show how chemical warfare agents can be detected in a real forensic case.

The Fact Sheet on chemical warfare agents is part of CNTR's Fact Sheet series. The Fact Sheets are published on a regular basis to make the project's research findings available to a wider audience and to counteract disinformation. These short-format publications provide facts and figures as well as short explanations on CNTR’s research topics. CNTR Fact Sheets are available as open-access publications on our website.

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About the author:

Dr. Carmen García López is a researcher at the CNTR research group “Chemical and Biological Weapons Control” at PRIF. Her research focuses on the control, identification, and analysis of known chemical weapons, as well as the exploration of new chemical hazards that may pose risks to safety.

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