Appendix CNTR Fact Sheet Identifying Chemical Warfare Agents Through Analytical Chemistry
Sources and Further Readings for the Fact Sheet “Identifying Chemical Warfare Agents Through Analytical Chemistry”
Dr. Carmen García López (CNTR/PRIF). March 2025
Journal articles to learn more about Chemical Warfare Agents (CWA) and Forensic Verification:
- Harald John, Marcel J. van der Schans, Marianne Koller, Helma E. T. Spruit, Franz Worek, Horst Thiermann, Daan Noort. “Fatal sarin poisoning in Syria 2013: forensic verification within an international laboratory network”. Forensic Toxicol. 2018, 36, 61–71.
- Harald John, Horst Thiermann. “Poisoning by organophosphorus nerve agents and pesticides: An overview of the principle strategies and current progress of massspectrometry-based procedures for verification”. Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Advances in the Clinical Lab 2021, 19, 20–31.
- Marc‑Michael Blum, Wolfgang Schmeißer, Marina Dentzel, Horst Thiermann, Harald John. “The blistering warfare agent O‑mustard (agent T) generates protein‑adducts with human serum albumin useful for biomedical verification of exposure and forms intramolecular cross‑links”. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2024, 416, 5791–5804.
- Paula Helena Sieber, Dirk Steinritz, Franz Worek, Harald John. “Disulfide-adducts with cysteine residues in human serum albumin prove exposure to malodorous mercaptans in vitro”. Analytical Biochemistry 2024, 692, 115568.
Webpages to go into more detail about GC-MS and LC-MS:
- https://www.jeol.com/products/science/gcms.php
- https://www.technologynetworks.com/analysis/articles/gc-ms-principle-instrument-and-analyses-and-gc-msms-362513
- https://www.agilent.com/en/product/gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-gc-ms/gcms-fundamentals
- https://www.agilent.com/en/product/liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-lc-ms/lcms-fundamentals
Resources from the OPCW (Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons) about chemical techniques to analyse Chemical Warfare Agents (CWA):
- https://www.opcw.org/resources/science-and-technology
- https://www.opcw.org/sites/default/files/documents/science-for-diplomats/1%20Chem-ecting%20the%20dots.pdf
- https://www.opcw.org/sites/default/files/documents/science-for-diplomats/89%20Chemical%20Analysis%20in%20Verification.pdf
- https://www.opcw.org/sites/default/files/documents/science-for-diplomats/87%20Biomedical%20Sample%20Analysis.pdf
- https://www.opcw.org/sites/default/files/documents/science-for-diplomats/86%20Conducting%20Analysis%20of%20Biomedical%20Samples.pdf
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